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A "Common Factor" of two (or more) integers is any integer that will divide into each of them. Thus a common factor of $a$ and $b$ is a divisor of each of them. By default, and by convention, we usually ask for positive common factors, but negative numbers can also be common factors.
When we work with Complex Numbers there is not concept of positive and negative.
Trivially, 1 is always a common factor of any collection of integers.
Examples:
For two given numbers there is also a Highest Common Factor (HCF), which can be found by using the Euclidean Algorithm.
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